http://www.compliancehome.com/ ComplianceHome is one of the Web's largest library of resources for compliance management of HIPAA, SOX, FISMA, GLBA, FDA, FFIEC, Basel II, OSHA and ISO 27002/17799. Visit our directories which are the best source on White papers, related news articles, resources on the web, training, webinars, conferences, rules & regulation overview, ask the expert, job and search on vendors, solutions & products. http://www.compliancehome.com/images/rsslogo.gif http://www.compliancehome.com/ en-us Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract12100.html The White Paper discusses NatMed's approach to managing OSHA Medical Surveillance for employers. The paper discusses four models that are available for employers to choose from including In-House, HR Solutions Vendor, Clinical Network Vendor, and NatMed's Standardized Compliance Program. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract12100.html Tue, 08 Sep 2009 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11637.html The key to improving quality in healthcare organizations is to ensure that unplanned events, issues, audits, reviews, and other quality and risk-related programs are managed effectively and performed consistently. Each should follow a quality improvement cycle, which includes: Discovering and reporting events and issues; Responding to and diagnosing these items and determining their root causes; Implementing, closing, and validating action items to correct the problems at the source and prevent them from occurring in other areas. This paper addresses how to optimize existing processes by applying, monitoring, and improving the key elements of the quality improvement cycle to enable continuous process improvement and streamline communication between members of your team. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11637.html Wed, 26 Aug 2009 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11620.html The whitepaper explains and highlights: The top 4 reasons to automate compliance training How some regulated and quality focused organisations have achieved operational ROIs as a result of implementing such systems The typical differences between a standard learning management system, and a compliant learning management system - specific to regulated and quality focused organisations http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11620.html Mon, 09 Mar 2009 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11125.html Information has become the driving force in todays world. As a result organisations invest significant resources to create cost effective and high performing IT enviroments that facilitates the secure information interchange. This white paper deals with all aspects of information risk management http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11125.html Wed, 11 Feb 2009 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11107.html IT Risk - encompassing Security, Availability, Performance, and Compliance elements - has become a critical issue for executives and boards of directors. In this second volume of the IT Risk Management Report, Symantec extends its analysis of IT professionals' insights into the nature of IT Risk and the most effective ways to manage it, with added focus on Availability and Performance Risk.. The Report addresses persistent myths about IT Risk, concluding that: IT professionals are adopting a more balanced, less Security-centric view of IT Risk - more of them now see Risk as critical or serious than any other element Compliance Risk is more than Security Risk formalized by law: data breaches, outages and disasters may cause irrecoverable losses of customer loyalty, revenue, and company value Reactive or annual project-oriented IT Risk Management is better than nothing. But IT professionals expectations of monthly incidents in a constantly-changing global and regional business and http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11107.html Tue, 21 Oct 2008 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11012.html This white paper demonstrates that data from lost backup tapes can be read without expensive hardware and software technology. This statement is unrealistic and unacceptable and shows a complete misunderstanding of the security implications. Here are six common misconceptions about the protection of backup tapes. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11012.html Mon, 13 Oct 2008 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11011.html There are many changes in V6R1 and it will take time to fully comprehend and understand the implications of them all. Based on briefings and COMMON presentations from IBM, we've outlined some important points to think about if you are considering implimenting V6R1 for tape encryption. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract11011.html Wed, 27 Aug 2008 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10997.html Effective information security helps maintain the integrity of valuable corporate assets,enables compliance with industry regulations,and helps to ensure business continuity and a trusted brand image. But providing an effective level of security requires a combination of state-of-the-art technology,experienced personnel,proven processes and continuous threat intelligence that few organizations possess. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10997.html Thu, 26 Jun 2008 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10947.html The General Services Administration (GSA) has awarded a supply contract to Industrial Safety Solutions for their SafetyPro line of industrial labeling equipment and supplies. This new federal contract will give government and military agencies better access to compliance and safety labeling, which have been proven to reduce accident injuries in the workplace. Safety labeling is required by regulatory agencies such as OSHA, and is viewed as a top priority in mitigating occupational hazards. It is estimated that as many as 70% of all worksites, including government operated worksites, have insufficient or outdated visual hazard identification. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10947.html Mon, 23 Jun 2008 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10945.html After fortifying their networks perimeters against the external threats from mysterious computer hackers, enterprises are now focusing their attention on eliminating the recognized inside threats of systems-based fraud, misuse, and errors. Every organization faces the risk of technically capable, application-facing employees and insiders who exercise their knowledge of system rules and procedures to http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10945.html Wed, 28 May 2008 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10917.html Small and medium-sized enterprises can protect websites against application vulnerabilities with simple, easy-to-use, and affordable service. Firewall, Intrusion prevention and Detection System (IDS/IPS) are not enough to protect your Website against todays application vulnerabilities. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10917.html Wed, 07 May 2008 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10898.html The lifeblood of every business is its employees. Given this critical fact, you may assume that every business has a detailed plan and solid processes in place to ensure employees are engaged. Unfortunately, this is generally not the case. Many companieis continue to assume that if they build a good product or offer a good service, and if customers continue to buy those products or services, then employees should be happy. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10898.html Wed, 19 Mar 2008 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10825.html The Internet has become a competitive necessity, providing E-commerce access for customers and vendors, s well s remote employee/office connections. As a result, key corporate assets must now be exposed at some level to provide these services, opening them up to possible disclosure, alteration, or even destruction. Thanks to his exposure, increasing regulatory obligations and economic challenges, corporations now risk financial loss, loss of reputation,and potentially, loss of customers. Global 2000 enterprises and service providers are faced with the incredible challenge of protecting these valuable assets, knowing that a compromise anywhere in the enterprises worldwide network renders the corporation s entire internal network vulnerable. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10825.html Mon, 17 Mar 2008 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10820.html Small and midsize businesses have become increasingly reliant on IT. In this paper, we look at how SMBs often progress through the IT adoption cycle, and some of the operational and security challenges they face in aligning their IT strategy as their businesses grows. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10820.html Fri, 18 Jan 2008 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10758.html Companies of all sizes are leveraging Web 2.0 technologies to improve Web site usability and to open new channels of communication. Web 2.0 refers to todays second generation of Web technologies, which includes AJAX, RSS feeds, online forums, and mashups. The Web 2.0 term also captures broader development trends, such as: Making applications more functionality-rich and responsive Generating and sharing content in real time Welcoming end user participation This technical brief examines the underlying technologies used in Web 2.0 applications. It also explains how Web 2.0 introduces some daunting security challenges. New application coding hazards produced by Web 2.0 can elevate the risk of cross-site scripting (XSS) injections, cross-site request forgery (CSRF), unauthorized access, and other Web-based attacks. Lastly, this brief illustrates a number of defense strategies that businesses can use to safely roll out Web 2.0 applications, including application development best pra http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10758.html Thu, 18 Oct 2007 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10642.html This paper provides the business case for extending Microsofts enterprise management tools, System Center 2007 (SC 2007) and its predecessors, Microsoft Operations Manager (MOM) and Systems Management Server (SMS) with Configuresoft Enterprise Configuration Manager (ECM) to exponentially increase operational efficiencies, lower security risk and extend management benefits to the UNIX and Linux systems across the enterprise. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10642.html Thu, 18 Oct 2007 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10641.html Change is a two-edged sword for IT organizations. While change is necessary and inevitable, change also holds the potential for introducing risk into IT environments. Change management process-oriented solutions using approaches such as ITIL seek to control change and the associated risks. However, many existing solutions focus too narrowly on solving specific change-related issues, such as the change approval process or configuration audit for compliance, and do not complete the change management process cycle. Most solutions fail to address the Change Reconciliation challenge, which introduces risk. Solutions are starting to emerge that complete and close the change management loop by integrating with existing Service Desk change approval processes, thereby extending change process control to include the change implementation and change verification phases, and finally circling back to the change approval process to complete the entire change process. These emerging solutions deliver http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10641.html Fri, 05 Oct 2007 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10616.html Every week there are several highly publicized, damaging, and embarrassing disclosures and reports of breaches of private information including customer records, employee records, and intellectual property. In response to these threats of data leakage, many enterprises have successfully deployed or are in the process of deploying an encryption solution. But does encryption provide enough protection against the various data leakage scenarios that are playing out again and again across the world? Encrypting the files,hard disk, or removable USB drive may have protected the data if it was lost or stolen, but could not have provided the protection needed to thwart these Insiders. Encryption is a great first step toward protecting your sensitive data. But it is not sufficient for preventing data leakage. A Data Leak Prevention (DLP) solution can complement your encryption project by extending your protection to other significant data leakage threats. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10616.html Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10581.html What you dont know can destroy your business. Its hard to imagine modern business without the internet but in the last few years it has become fraught with danger. Internet crooks are the dotcom entrepreneurs of crime, using the power of computers and the interconnections of the network against innocent businesses to make money. Make no mistake; viruses, spam and spyware are the products of a global business that is worth as much as $60bn a year. To put that into context, online crime is bigger than the global drugs trade. With so much money at stake, its not surprising that the problem is getting worse. The risks are only part of the story. Internet security is also a competitive advantage. Customers and suppliers want you to care about their privacy and protection. Who will pick up your customers if a computer security incident hits your business? IT security isnt just good practice, its good business. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10581.html Sat, 17 Mar 2007 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10295.html The impetus on organizations to be transparent and fiscally prudent continues to intensify,motivated by the constant drive for more competitive efficiency and the need for compliance with corporate governance initiatives. Therefore, most organizations have moved to implement some type of content management system (CMS) to handle their data, such as RMA, DMS, Web-content management or a combined solution. Because the types and volume of information continue to expand, CMS complexity and sophistication have grown in parallel. As a result, organizations can become overwhelmed when evaluating solutions to address their specific content management needs, particularly considering the hundreds of vendors offering a wide variety of content management tools. To compensate, potential users often end up evaluating CMS quality based upon its capacity to handle what is perceived as the most complex and/or hot item in their suite of information materialssuch as massive e-mail collections,We http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10295.html Sun, 04 Mar 2007 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10270.html A White Paper presenting improved, next-generation voice biometrics as a user-friendly method of authentication that provides higher levels of authentication / verification and keep costs low by increasing process automation. In the past, voice biometrics took a back seat to other physical biometric methods of identification and verification, such as fingerprints, facial recognition and iris scans, but new algorithms and more robust computer processing power have increased accuracy rates exponentially, making voice biometrics a competitive threat to the more invasive, traditional methods of identification and verification. New legislation for higher levels of security in commerce make voice biometrics an attractive low-cost option for enterprises now required to ask for three levels of ID to prevent identity theft and fraud in commerce and homeland security. These deadlines are imminent and non-compliance is not an option. In addition, the voice biometric technology developed by CellMa http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10270.html Tue, 07 Nov 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10206.html regulations for injury and illness recordkeeping, 29 CFR Part 1904, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) booklet, http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10206.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10151.html Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most promising and anticipated technologies in recent years. Magazine articles, television shows, analyst papers and the like are frequently trumpeting the potential benefits to users of RFID. This white paper will help you to understand what RFID is, how it works, describe the current standard and compliance environment and some considerations to make sure that you have a successful implementation and get the most from your investment. The stakes for RFID implementations are high for both expenditures and benefits. Arming yourself with a good understanding of the technology and important considerations can ensure that the decisions that you make minimize any missteps and maximize your experience. Manufacturers, retailers, logistics providers and government agencies are making unprecedented use of RFID technology to track, secure and manage items from the time they are raw materials through the entire life of the product. Manufactur http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10151.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10150.html Speech recognition software uses the human voice as the main communication mechanism between the user and the computer. While relatively simple to use, speech recognition software is sophisticated technology that uses language modeling to recognize and differentiate among the millions of human utterances that make up any language. The software enables users to input text and data into virtually any Microsoft Windows-based applications by voice, as well as to navigate the computer desktop with little or no use of their hands. Users speak naturally into a noise-canceling microphone connected to the computer.2 The software recognizes the spoken words, converts them into text, and displays them on the screen. Most speech recognition programs also allow users to speak a standard command that prompts the computer to perform an action. For example, the user says, Start WordPerfect, and the PC launches WordPerfect. The more advanced speech recognition programs also enable users to cre http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10150.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10149.html Hazardous situations come in all shapes and sizes. No one light curtain is capable of guarding all of them effectively. Thats why STI offers the widest range of safety light curtains available. From the elegant, full-featured MicroSafe to Explosion-proof curtains, STI is able to meet your needs. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10149.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10148.html Every day, retail buyers, merchandising managers, quality assurance managers and others in retail 0perations make important decisions about which products will appear on their stores shelves. While factors such as style or fashion trends, new technology, brand popularity, promotional support, and others can play important roles in the selection process, the presence of a certification mark from a qualified laboratory can be a key prerequisite of product acceptance. Product certification markssuch as the CSA mark, the CSA Blue Star, or the UL markare found on a wide range of products, including electrical and gas appliances, consumer electronics, plumbing products, water purification units, heating and ventilating equipment and lighting products. Although many retailers today require that certification marks appear on the products they sell, confusion remains about what certification marks mean, who is qualified to perform product testing and certification and issue the marks, and h http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10148.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10147.html Light curtain standards fall into two categories: application standards and construction standards. Application standards reference how to use a light curtain for machine guarding, for example, how to calculate the safe mounting distance. Although some may give condensed construction information, often the main thrust of an application standard is how to apply a light curtain for the type of machine covered by the standard. For example, ANSI/RIA R15.06 discusses the use of presencesensing devices (light curtains) for robot guarding. ANSI B11.1 provides information on how to use presence-sensing devices on mechanical power presses. Construction standards provide design, construction and testing information on presence sensing devices. There are currently no construction standards developed in North America and IEC61496, an IEC standard entitled Safety of Machinery - Electrosensitive Protective Equipment is generally accepted as the default. IEC61496 covers specific items such as the n http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10147.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10146.html A pathogens infectious dose (ID) is one of many factors that are considered when a biological hazard analysis is performed. The NIH Recombinant DNA Guidelines and the CDC/NIH Guidelines for Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories recognize many factors interact and contribute to an organisms ability to infect the host. Since the ID varies based on a number of factors, it is often prudent to conduct specific job hazard analysis or risk assessments to determine the appropriate precautions used in a microbiological laboratory. Factors to be considered in determining the level of containment include agent factors such as virulence, pathogenicity, infectious dose, environmental stability, route of spread, communicability, operations, quantity, availability of vaccine or treatment, and gene product effects such as toxicity, physiological activity, and allergenicity. The infectious dose of the agent is another factor to consider. Infectious dose can vary from one to hundred http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10146.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10145.html This digest collects and summarizes some 400 interpretations of OSHA regulations for injury and illness recordkeeping, 29 CFR Part 1904, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) booklet, http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10145.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10144.html The Labor Market Impact of Federal Regulation: OSHA, E RISA, EEO, and Minimum Wage. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10144.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10143.html The Impact of OSHA and EPA Regulation on Productivity, http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10143.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10142.html http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10142.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10141.html This study compares the impact of OSHA inspections on manufacturing industries using data from three time periods: 1979-85, 1987-91, and 1992-98. We find substantial declines in the impact of OSHA inspections since 1979-85. In the earliest period we estimate that having an OSHA inspection that imposed a penalty reduces injuries by about 15%; in the later periods it falls to 8% in 1987-91 and to 1% (and statistically insignificant) in 1992-98. Testing for different effects by inspection type, employment size, and industry, we find differences across size classes, but these cannot explain the overall decline. In fact, we find reductions in OSHA's impact over time for nearly all subgroups we examine, so shifts across subgroups cannot explain the whole decline. We examine various other hypotheses concerning the declining impact, but in the end we are not able to provide a clear explanation for the decline. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10141.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10140.html Is death a harm? Is the risk of death a harm? These questions lie at the foundations of risk regulation. Agencies that regulate threats to human life, such as the EPA, OSHA, the FDA, the CPSC, or NHTSA, invariably assume that premature death is a first-party harm - a welfare setback to the person who dies - and often assume that being at risk of death is a distinct and additional first-party harm. If these assumptions are untrue, the myriad statutes and regulations that govern risky activities should be radically overhauled, since the third-party benefits of preventing premature death and the risk of premature death are often too small to justify the large compliance costs that these laws create.In this Article, I consider the harmfulness of death, and of the risk of death, in a philosophically rigorous way. The analysis is complicated, since a variety of plausible theories of welfare have been proposed, and since risk too is a multifaceted concept. A given person P's http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10140.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10139.html Studies of industrial safety regulations, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in particular, often find little effect on worker safety. Critics of the regulatory approach argue that safety standards have little to do with industrial injuries and defenders of the regulatory approach cite infrequent inspections and low fines for violating safety standards. We use recently assembled data from the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) concerning underground coal mine production, safety inspections, and workplace injuries to shed neew light on the regulatory approach to workplace safety. Because all underground coal mines are inspected at least once per quarter, MSHA regulations will not be ineffective because of infrequent inspections. We estimate over 200 different specifications of dynamite mine safety production functions, including ones using eliberately upward biased estimators, and cherry pick the most favorable mine safety effect estimates. Although most esti http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10139.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10137.html With an annual budget of about $400 million, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is about 5 percent the size of the Environmental Protection Agency, another federal agency created by President Richard M. Nixon in 1970, the http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10137.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10136.html This report is intended to help employers and employees identify and correct hazards related to the most frequently cited OSHA standards found on construction sites throughout the United States. The report also is designed as a resource document for OSHA field personnel. The 100 most cited construction standards for 1991 are presented in the report. The standards cited were checked against similar citations for the years 1987 thru 1990. The relative rankings of the standards cited are similar, affected mostly as a result of the incorporation of new standards. The list was compiled from the OSHA Integrated Management Information System (IMIS). http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10136.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10135.html Increased scrutiny in regulatory oversight has brought about a new host of regulations and enforcement initiatives of particular importance to manufacturers. In addition to specific vertical regulations, including OSHA, EPA and other state-mandated safety and environmental regulations that manufacturers are accustomed to dealing with, they now need to comply with new requirements imposed by legislation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), Homeland Security Act and the USA Patriot Act. The cost of non-compliance carries severe penalties - including plant shut downs, fines and even criminal prosecution. While each mandate has its own specific requirements, there is one common denominator: The need for greater visibility, control and accountability of content and processes to lower risk. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10135.html Mon, 30 Oct 2006 00:00:00 CST http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10134.html The costs associated with repetitive strain injury (RSI) to businesses are very high; the federal Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) estimates them to be between $15 billion and $20 billion per year in the United States. Of the many risk factors for RSI, one of the easiest to address is improper workstation configuration. For computer users, this includes using an appropriate pointing device and keyboard, such as the variety of ergonomically designed mice and keyboards offered by Microsoft Corp. Properly designed ergonomic input devices have been shown to reduce computer-related pain and demonstrate a significant effect on the incidence of RSIs for primary prevention. http://www.compliancehome.com/whitepapers/OSHA/abstract10134.html